7 CFR 51.784 - Classification of defects.

U.S. Code of Federal Regulations

Regulations most recently checked for updates: Aug 27, 2025

View all text of Subpart F [§ 51.750 - § 51.784]

§ 51.784 - Classification of defects.

Table I

Factor	Injury	Damage	Serious damage	Very serious damage
Ammoniation		Not occurring as light speck type	Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Bruises	Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured	Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured	Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured	Fruit is split open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when affecting more than one area on the fruit.
Buckskin		Aggregating more than a circle 1- 1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface	Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.
Caked melanose		Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Dryness or mushy condition		Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit	Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit	Affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.
Green spots	Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter, caused by scale	Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter, caused by scale	Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, caused by scale	Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface, caused by scale.
Oil spots	Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 1 1/2 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface.
Scab		Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scale	More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit	Blotch aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter, or occurring as a ring more than a circle 1 3/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter	Blotch aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, or occurring as a ring more than a circle 1 1/2 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter.	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scars, Hail, or Thorn scratches [For smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars see § 51.770.]	Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade	Very deep or very rough aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough or of slight depth aggregating more than 10 percent of fruit surface	Very deep or very rough aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter; deep or rough aggregating more than 5 percent of fruit surface; slight depth or slightly rough aggregating more than 15 percent of fruit surface	Very deep or very rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected.
Skin breakdown	Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Sprayburn		Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Hard and aggregating more than a circle 1 1/2 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Sprouting		More than six seeds have sprouts of more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts over 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in length	More than six seeds have sprouts of more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts over 1 inch (25.4 mm) in length	More than six seeds have sprouts of more than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in length, or more than 3 seeds with sprouts over 1 1/4 inches (31.8 mm) in length.
Sunburn		Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the affected area exceeds 25 percent of the surface	Skin is hard and affects more than one-third of the surface	Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this standard are based on a grapefruit 4 1/8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.