United States Code
USC most recently checked for updates: Jun 08, 2023
§ 2296.
Training
(a)
In general
(1)
If the Secretary determines, with respect to an adversely affected worker or an adversely affected incumbent worker, that—
(A)
there is no suitable employment (which may include technical and professional employment) available for an adversely affected worker,
(B)
the worker would benefit from appropriate training,
(C)
there is a reasonable expectation of employment following completion of such training,
(D)
training approved by the Secretary is reasonably available to the worker from either governmental agencies or private sources (which may include area career and technical education schools, as defined in section 2302 of title 20, and employers) 1
1
So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.(E)
the worker is qualified to undertake and complete such training, and
(F)
such training is suitable for the worker and available at a reasonable cost,
the Secretary shall approve such training for the worker. Upon such approval, the worker shall be entitled to have payment of the costs of such training (subject to the limitations imposed by this section) paid on the worker’s behalf by the Secretary directly or through a voucher system.
(2)
(A)
The total amount of funds available to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title shall not exceed $450,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2021.
(B)
(i)
The Secretary shall, as soon as practicable after the beginning of each fiscal year, make an initial distribution of the funds made available to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title, in accordance with the requirements of subparagraph (C).
(ii)
The Secretary shall ensure that not less than 90 percent of the funds made available to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title for a fiscal year are distributed to the States by not later than July 15 of that fiscal year.
(C)
(i)
In making the initial distribution of funds pursuant to subparagraph (B)(i) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall hold in reserve 35 percent of the funds made available to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title for that fiscal year for additional distributions during the remainder of the fiscal year.
(ii)
Subject to clause (iii), in determining how to apportion the initial distribution of funds pursuant to subparagraph (B)(i) in a fiscal year, the Secretary shall take into account, with respect to each State—
(I)
the trend in the number of workers covered by certifications of eligibility under this part during the most recent 4 consecutive calendar quarters for which data are available;
(II)
the trend in the number of workers participating in training under this section during the most recent 4 consecutive calendar quarters for which data are available;
(III)
the number of workers estimated to be participating in training under this section during the fiscal year;
(IV)
the amount of funding estimated to be necessary to provide training approved under this section to such workers during the fiscal year; and
(V)
such other factors as the Secretary considers appropriate to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title.
(iii)
In no case may the amount of the initial distribution to a State pursuant to subparagraph (B)(i) in a fiscal year be less than 25 percent of the initial distribution to the State in the preceding fiscal year.
(D)
The Secretary shall establish procedures for the distribution of the funds that remain available for the fiscal year after the initial distribution required under subparagraph (B)(i). Such procedures may include the distribution of funds pursuant to requests submitted by States in need of such funds.
(E)
If, during a fiscal year, the Secretary estimates that the amount of funds necessary to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title will exceed the dollar amount limitation specified in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall decide how the amount of funds made available to carry out this section and sections 2295, 2297, and 2298 of this title that have not been distributed at the time of the estimate will be apportioned among the States for the remainder of the fiscal year.
(3)
For purposes of applying paragraph (1)(C), a reasonable expectation of employment does not require that employment opportunities for a worker be available, or offered, immediately upon the completion of training approved under paragraph (1).
(4)
(A)
If the costs of training an adversely affected worker or an adversely affected incumbent worker are paid by the Secretary under paragraph (1), no other payment for such costs may be made under any other provision of Federal law.
(B)
No payment may be made under paragraph (1) of the costs of training an adversely affected worker or an adversely affected incumbent worker if such costs—
(i)
have already been paid under any other provision of Federal law, or
(ii)
are reimbursable under any other provision of Federal law and a portion of such costs have already been paid under such other provision of Federal law.
(C)
The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to, or take into account, any funds provided under any other provision of Federal law which are used for any purpose other than the direct payment of the costs incurred in training a particular adversely affected worker or adversely affected incumbent worker, even if such use has the effect of indirectly paying or reducing any portion of the costs involved in training the adversely affected worker or adversely affected incumbent worker.
(5)
Except as provided in paragraph (10), the training programs that may be approved under paragraph (1) include, but are not limited to—
(A)
employer-based training, including—
(i)
on-the-job training,
(ii)
customized training, and
(iii)
apprenticeship programs registered under the Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the “National Apprenticeship Act”; 50 Stat. 664, chapter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 et seq.),
(B)
any training program provided by a State pursuant to title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3111 et seq.],
(C)
any training program approved by a private industry council established under section 102 of such Act,2
2
See References in Text note below.(D)
any program of remedial education,
(E)
any program of prerequisite education or coursework required to enroll in training that may be approved under this section,
(F)
any training program (other than a training program described in paragraph (7)) for which all, or any portion, of the costs of training the worker are paid—
(i)
under any Federal or State program other than this part, or
(ii)
from any source other than this section,
(G)
any other training program approved by the Secretary, and
(H)
any training program or coursework at an accredited institution of higher education (described in section 1002 of title 20), including a training program or coursework for the purpose of—
(i)
obtaining a degree or certification; or
(ii)
completing a degree or certification that the worker had previously begun at an accredited institution of higher education.
The Secretary may not limit approval of a training program under paragraph (1) to a program provided pursuant to title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3111 et seq.].
(6)
(A)
The Secretary is not required under paragraph (1) to pay the costs of any training approved under paragraph (1) to the extent that such costs are paid—
(i)
under any Federal or State program other than this part, or
(ii)
from any source other than this section.
(B)
(7)
The Secretary shall not approve a training program if—
(A)
all or a portion of the costs of such training program are paid under any nongovernmental plan or program,
(B)
the adversely affected worker or adversely affected incumbent worker has a right to obtain training or funds for training under such plan or program, and
(C)
such plan or program requires the worker to reimburse the plan or program from funds provided under this part, or from wages paid under such training program, for any portion of the costs of such training program paid under the plan or program.
(8)
The Secretary may approve training for any adversely affected worker who is a member of a group certified under subpart A of this part at any time after the date on which the group is certified under subpart A of this part, without regard to whether such worker has exhausted all rights to any unemployment insurance to which the worker is entitled.
(9)
(A)
Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall prescribe regulations which set forth the criteria under each of the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) that will be used as the basis for making determinations under paragraph (1).
(B)
(i)
In determining under paragraph (1)(E) whether a worker is qualified to undertake and complete training, the Secretary may approve training for a period longer than the worker’s period of eligibility for trade readjustment allowances under division I if the worker demonstrates a financial ability to complete the training after the expiration of the worker’s period of eligibility for such trade readjustment allowances.
(ii)
In determining the reasonable cost of training under paragraph (1)(F) with respect to a worker, the Secretary may consider whether other public or private funds are reasonably available to the worker, except that the Secretary may not require a worker to obtain such funds as a condition of approval of training under paragraph (1).
(10)
In the case of an adversely affected incumbent worker, the Secretary may not approve—
(A)
on-the-job training under paragraph (5)(A)(i); or
(B)
customized training under paragraph (5)(A)(ii), unless such training is for a position other than the worker’s adversely affected employment.
(11)
If the Secretary determines that an adversely affected incumbent worker for whom the Secretary approved training under this section is no longer threatened with a total or partial separation, the Secretary shall terminate the approval of such training.
(b)
Supplemental assistance
The Secretary may, where appropriate, authorize supplemental assistance necessary to defray reasonable transportation and subsistence expenses for separate maintenance when training is provided in facilities which are not within commuting distance of a worker’s regular place of residence. The Secretary may not authorize—
(1)
payments for subsistence that exceed whichever is the lesser of (A) the actual per diem expenses for subsistence, or (B) payments at 50 percent of the prevailing per diem allowance rate authorized under the Federal travel regulations, or
(2)
payments for travel expenses exceeding the prevailing mileage rate authorized under the Federal travel regulations.
(c)
On-the-job training requirements
(1)
In general
The Secretary may approve on-the-job training for any adversely affected worker if—
(A)
the worker meets the requirements for training to be approved under subsection (a)(1);
(B)
the Secretary determines that on-the-job training—
(i)
can reasonably be expected to lead to suitable employment with the employer offering the on-the-job training;
(ii)
is compatible with the skills of the worker;
(iii)
includes a curriculum through which the worker will gain the knowledge or skills to become proficient in the job for which the worker is being trained; and
(iv)
can be measured by benchmarks that indicate that the worker is gaining such knowledge or skills; and
(C)
the State determines that the on-the-job training program meets the requirements of clauses (iii) and (iv) of subparagraph (B).
(2)
Monthly payments
The Secretary shall pay the costs of on-the-job training approved under paragraph (1) in monthly installments.
(3)
Contracts for on-the-job training
(A)
In general
The Secretary shall ensure, in entering into a contract with an employer to provide on-the-job training to a worker under this subsection, that the skill requirements of the job for which the worker is being trained, the academic and occupational skill level of the worker, and the work experience of the worker are taken into consideration.
(B)
Term of contract
Training under any such contract shall be limited to the period of time required for the worker receiving on-the-job training to become proficient in the job for which the worker is being trained, but may not exceed 104 weeks in any case.
(4)
Exclusion of certain employers
The Secretary shall not enter into a contract for on-the-job training with an employer that exhibits a pattern of failing to provide workers receiving on-the-job training from the employer with—
(A)
continued, long-term employment as regular employees; and
(B)
wages, benefits, and working conditions that are equivalent to the wages, benefits, and working conditions provided to regular employees who have worked a similar period of time and are doing the same type of work as workers receiving on-the-job training from the employer.
(5)
Labor standards
The Secretary may pay the costs of on-the-job training, notwithstanding any other provision of this section, only if—
(A)
no currently employed worker is displaced by such adversely affected worker (including partial displacement such as a reduction in the hours of nonovertime work, wages, or employment benefits),
(B)
such training does not impair existing contracts for services or collective bargaining agreements,
(C)
in the case of training which would be inconsistent with the terms of a collective bargaining agreement, the written concurrence of the labor organization concerned has been obtained,
(D)
no other individual is on layoff from the same, or any substantially equivalent, job for which such adversely affected worker is being trained,
(E)
the employer has not terminated the employment of any regular employee or otherwise reduced the workforce of the employer with the intention of filling the vacancy so created by hiring such adversely affected worker,
(F)
the job for which such adversely affected worker is being trained is not being created in a promotional line that will infringe in any way upon the promotional opportunities of currently employed individuals,
(G)
such training is not for the same occupation from which the worker was separated and with respect to which such worker’s group was certified pursuant to section 2272 of this title,
(H)
the employer is provided reimbursement of not more than 50 percent of the wage rate of the participant, for the cost of providing the training and additional supervision related to the training,
(I)
the employer has not received payment under subsection (a)(1) with respect to any other on-the-job training provided by such employer which failed to meet the requirements of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F), and
(J)
the employer has not taken, at any time, any action which violated the terms of any certification described in subparagraph (H) made by such employer with respect to any other on-the-job training provided by such employer for which the Secretary has made a payment under subsection (a)(1).
(d)
Eligibility
An adversely affected worker may not be determined to be ineligible or disqualified for unemployment insurance or program benefits under this subpart—
(1)
because the worker—
(A)
is enrolled in training approved under subsection (a);
(B)
left work—
(i)
that was not suitable employment in order to enroll in such training; or
(ii)
that the worker engaged in on a temporary basis during a break in such training or a delay in the commencement of such training; or
(C)
left on-the-job training not later than 30 days after commencing such training because the training did not meet the requirements of subsection (c)(1)(B); or
(2)
because of the application to any such week in training of the provisions of State law or Federal unemployment insurance law relating to availability for work, active search for work, or refusal to accept work.
(e)
“Suitable employment” defined
For purposes of this section the term “suitable employment” means, with respect to a worker, work of a substantially equal or higher skill level than the worker’s past adversely affected employment, and wages for such work at not less than 80 percent of the worker’s average weekly wage.
(f)
“Customized training” defined
For purposes of this section, the term “customized training” means training that is—
(1)
designed to meet the special requirements of an employer or group of employers;
(2)
conducted with a commitment by the employer or group of employers to employ an individual upon successful completion of the training; and
(3)
for which the employer pays for a significant portion (but in no case less than 50 percent) of the cost of such training, as determined by the Secretary.
(g)
Part-time training
(1)
In general
The Secretary may approve full-time or part-time training for a worker under subsection (a).
(2)
Limitation
Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a worker participating in part-time training approved under subsection (a) may not receive a trade readjustment allowance under section 2291 of this title.
(Pub. L. 93–618, title II, § 236, Jan. 3, 1975 , 88 Stat. 2023; Pub. L. 97–35, title XXV, § 2506(2), Aug. 13, 1981 , 95 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, § 13004(a), Apr. 7, 1986 , 100 Stat. 301; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, § 1424(a)–(c), Aug. 23, 1988 , 102 Stat. 1248, 1249; Pub. L. 100–647, title IX, § 9001(a)(20), Nov. 10, 1988 , 102 Stat. 3808; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13803(b), Aug. 10, 1993 , 107 Stat. 668; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(14)(A), (f)(11)(A)], Oct. 21, 1998 , 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–421, 2681–431; Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, title I, §§ 117, 118, Aug. 6, 2002 , 116 Stat. 941; Pub. L. 109–270, § 2(b)(2), Aug. 12, 2006 , 120 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §§ 1828(a)–(c), 1829(a), (c), 1830(a)(1), (b), 1831, 1832, Feb. 17, 2009 , 123 Stat. 381–386; Pub. L. 111–344, title I, § 101(c)(1), Dec. 29, 2010 , 124 Stat. 3613; Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §§ 201(b), (c), 214(a), (f), Oct. 21, 2011 , 125 Stat. 403, 405, 406; Pub. L. 113–128, title V, § 512(hh)(3), July 22, 2014 , 128 Stat. 1720; Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §§ 402(b), (c), 403(b), June 29, 2015 , 129 Stat. 374.)
cite as: 19 USC 2296
