United States Code
USC most recently checked for updates: Jun 09, 2025
Rule 32.1.
Citing Judicial Dispositions
(a)
Citation Permitted.
A court may not prohibit or restrict the citation of federal judicial opinions, orders, judgments, or other written dispositions that have been:
(i)
designated as “unpublished,” “not for publication,” “non-precedential,” “not precedent,” or the like; and
(ii)
issued on or after January 1, 2007 .
(b)
Copies Required.
If a party cites a federal judicial opinion, order, judgment, or other written disposition that is not available in a publicly accessible electronic database, the party must file and serve a copy of that opinion, order, judgment, or disposition with the brief or other paper in which it is cited.
(As added Apr. 12, 2006 , eff. Dec. 1, 2006 .)
